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Open Access Feature Paper Article

Integrated Geospatial Analysis and Hydrological Modeling for Peak Flow and Volume Simulation in Rwanda

by ^1,2,3 , ^1,2,4,5,6,* ORCID , ^1,2,3 , ⁷ , ^1,2 and ^1,2,3

State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Lay Adventists of Kigali (UNILAK), Kigali P.O. Box 6392, Rwanda

⁴

Ili Station for Watershed Ecosystem Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinyuan 835800, China

⁵

CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China

⁶

Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China

⁷

College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, Huye P.O. Box 117, Rwanda

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Alexander Shiklomanov

Received: 13 September 2021 / Revised: 3 October 2021 / Accepted: 12 October 2021 / Published: 18 October 2021

Abstract

The ability to adequately and continually assess the hydrological catchment response to extreme rainfall events in a timely manner is a prerequisite component in flood-forecasting and mitigation initiatives. Owing to the scarcity of data, this particular subject has captured less attention in Rwanda. However, semi-distributed hydrological models have become standard tools used to investigate hydrological processes in data-scarce regions. Thus, this study aimed to develop a hydrological modeling system for the Nyabarongo River catchment in Rwanda, and assess its hydrological response to rainfall events through discharged flow and volume simulation. Initially, the terrain Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was pre-processed using a geospatial tool (HEC-GeoHMS) for catchment delineation and the generation of input physiographic parameters was applied for hydrological modeling system (HEC-HMS) setup. The model was then calibrated and validated at the outlet using sixteen events extracted from daily hydro-meteorological data (rainfall and flow) for the rainy seasons of the country. More than in other events, the 15th, 9th, 13th and 5th events showed high peak flows with simulated values of 177.7 m³s⁻¹, 171.7 m³s⁻¹, 169.9 m³s⁻¹, and 166.9 m³s⁻¹, respectively. The flow fluctuations exhibited a notable relation to rainfall variations following long and short rainy seasons. Comparing the observed and simulated hydrographs, the findings also unveiled the ability of the model to simulate the discharged flow and volume of the Nyabarongo catchment very well. The evaluated model's performance exposed a high mean Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 81.4% and 84.6%, with correlation coefficients (R²) of 88.4% and 89.8% in calibration and validation, respectively. The relative errors for the peak flow (5.5% and 7.7%) and volume (3.8% and 4.6%) were within the acceptable range for calibration and validation, respectively. Generally, HEC-HMS findings provided a satisfactory computing proficiency and necessitated fewer data inputs for hydrological simulation under changing rainfall patterns in the Nyabarongo River catchment. This study provides an understanding and deepening of the knowledge of river flow mechanisms, which can assist in establishing systems for river monitoring and early flood warning in Rwanda. View Full-Text

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mind'je, R.; Li, L.; Kayumba, P.M.; Mindje, M.; Ali, S.; Umugwaneza, A. Integrated Geospatial Analysis and Hydrological Modeling for Peak Flow and Volume Simulation in Rwanda. Water 2021, 13, 2926. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202926

AMA Style

Mind'je R, Li L, Kayumba PM, Mindje M, Ali S, Umugwaneza A. Integrated Geospatial Analysis and Hydrological Modeling for Peak Flow and Volume Simulation in Rwanda. Water. 2021; 13(20):2926. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202926

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mind'je, Richard, Lanhai Li, Patient M. Kayumba, Mapendo Mindje, Sikandar Ali, and Adeline Umugwaneza. 2021. "Integrated Geospatial Analysis and Hydrological Modeling for Peak Flow and Volume Simulation in Rwanda" Water 13, no. 20: 2926. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202926

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Author Biographies

Born on the 10th May 1994 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Richard MIND'JE is a researcher. He completed his bachelor's degree (2016) in Emergency and disaster management at the University of Lay Adventists of Kigali (UNILAK) in Rwanda before joining the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography (XIEG) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), where he also completed his master's program (2020) in environmental sciences in the area of natural hazards and risk analysis. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate at XIEG, CAS. His current research area converges with hydro-meteorological-induced hazards integrating geospatial analysis and catchment hydrology. Richard has published several articles as both lead and co-author in different international journals and has acted as a reviewer for several journals. The latter has given him opportunities to win different awards such as the Outstanding and Excellent International Scholar Award of the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences over two consecutive years (2019 and 2020), and the Excellent International Student award of XIEG (2020).